In this course, ancient-language expert Dr. Mike Heiser gives a thorough background of the Hebrew Bible’s writing, composition, canonicity, and transmission through the ages. This course also surveys text criticism—what are Hebrew scholars today doing with these ancient manuscripts? How does their work affect English translations of the Bible? By understanding criticism, your personal Bible study will be richer, even with little knowledge of the Hebrew language.
Introduction
Introduction
Introducing the Speaker
1m
Introducing the Course
2m
Preliminary Issues
The Term “Old Testament”
1m
The Scope of the Old Testament
1m
The Number of Old Testament Books
2m
The Order and Structure of Old Testament Books
3m
Titles of Old Testament Books
3m
The Authority of the Old Testament
1m
A Roadmap for the Course
1m
Inspiration
Two Sides to Inspiration
2m
A Flawed Conception of Inspiration
3m
A Coherent Conception of Inspiration
4m
Inspiration Is Not Dictation: Ezekiel
2m
Inspiration Is Not Dictation: The Synoptic Gospels
2m
Inspiration Is Not Dictation: Borrowed Material
2m
Inspiration Is Not Dictation: Changing Laws
2m
Summary of Inspiration
1m
Scripts and Writing
Summary and Preview
1m
The Development of Writing
3m
Scripts
4m
Early Alphabets
3m
The Semitic Alphabet
6m
Writing Materials
4m
Writing Instruments
2m
The Process of Composition
Preview of the Composition Process
2m
Oral Tradition
2m
Literary Techniques
2m
Known Sources
3m
Lost Sources
3m
Speculative Sources
3m
Original Material
3m
Collecting Material
3m
Editing
3m
Inspiration as a Process
1m
Inspiration and Inerrancy
3m
Canon and Canonicity
The Concept of Canon
5m
Complicating Factors for the Canon
5m
The Canon through History
5m
Early Transmission of the Hebrew Bible
Manuscript Evidence prior to 1947
4m
The Aleppo Codex
2m
The Leningrad Codex
2m
The Cairo Genizah
4m
Summary of Manuscript Evidence prior to 1947
1m
The Dead Sea Scrolls
3m
Textual Evidence from Qumran
2m
The Hebrew Bible in the Exile
3m
The Old Testament from 586–400 BC
5m
A Book in Transition
3m
The Old Testament from 400 BC to AD 100
2m
The Rise of a Scribal Class
6m
The Rise of Multiple Textual Traditions
3m
The Local Texts Theory
5m
The Masoretic Text in the Local Text Theory
4m
The Surviving Texts Theory
2m
Scribal Practices at Qumran, Part 1
1m
Scribal Practices at Qumran, Part 2
3m
A Period of Ancient Translations
The Septuagint
5m
Aramaic Targums
4m
Later Translations
2m
The Hebrew Bible from AD 100–1000
The Importance of AD 100
5m
The Role of the Scribes
5m
Scribal Innovations
3m
Marking Problems in the Text
4m
The Masorah
2m
Vocalization System
3m
Variation in the Masoretic Tradition
5m
Important Manuscripts
5m
The Hebrew Bible since AD 1000
Transition to Modern Editions
1m
Pre-Reformational Editions of the Old Testament
2m
Editions of the Old Testament from the 1500s
5m
Editions of the Old Testament from the 18th and 19th Centuries
3m
Editions of the Old Testament from the 20th Century
6m
Editions of the Old Testament in the 21st Century
4m
Textual Criticism of the Old Testament: Overview
Preview of the Process
2m
Determining Variants
1m
Gathering Evidence: The Specialist
2m
Gathering Evidence: The Non-Specialist
1m
Evaluating Evidence
3m
Textual Criticism of the Old Testament: Variant Types
Unintentional Variants: Letter Confusion
1m
Unintentional Variants: Word Division
3m
Unintentional Variants: Vowel Pointing
3m
Unintentional Variants: Eye Skipping
2m
Unintentional Variants: Haplography
1m
Unintentional Variants: Dittography
1m
Unintentional Variants: Graphic Transposition
1m
Unintentional Variants: Faulty Hearing
1m
Intentional Variants
4m
Principles for Evaluating Variants
Determining the Best Reading
1m
Internal Considerations
2m
External Considerations
4m
An Example
5m
Revisiting Inspiration and Inerrancy
3m
The Hebrew Bible and English Translations
English Translations
1m
Evaluating English Translations
4m
Conclusion
Summary of the Course
1m
Appendix: Screencasts
Searching Ancient near Eastern Literature for Old Testament References
5m
Searching Images for Information on Ancient Writing
3m
Exploring the Leningrad Codex
4m
Viewing Biblical Dead Sea Scrolls in Logos and Online
5m
Comparing the Septuagint and the Hebrew Bible
5m
Creating a Layout of Ancient Translations
3m
Viewing and Searching for Ketiv-Qere Readings
5m
Examining Textual Variants with the NET Bible
4m
Using Favorites to Collect Key Resources on Textual Criticism